Elevator Rope Hanger / Rope Bracket is one of the vital and technical components of the elevator’s mechanical system, responsible for bearing and transmitting the tensile forces generated by the ropes. This part acts as a link between the suspension system (including the cabin and counterweight frame) and the main elevator structure, playing a crucial role in the safety, balance, and smooth operation of the system. Proper selection, design, and installation of the rope hanger according to international standards such as EN 81-20 and ISO 4344 are essential for stable performance and longevity of elevator equipment.
Function and Role of the Rope Hanger in the Elevator System
The rope hanger provides support for passing and securing the ropes and is used in two main locations:
- At the top of the elevator shaft or on the overhead beam, to hold the fixed ends of the ropes.
- On the cabin yoke or frame and the counterweight frame, for secure attachment and uniform distribution of tensile forces.
In fact, this component is the starting and ending point of tensile stresses in the movement system, and even the slightest error in its design or installation can lead to misalignment, unusual noise, rope wear, or even sudden rope breakage.
Technical Structure of the Elevator Rope Hanger
The rope hanger consists of a set of precise and durable mechanical components, each serving a specific function. The main components are:
- Main Body: Typically made of alloy steel resistant to bending and stress, coated with anti-rust or electrostatic paint.
- Rope Clamp / Socket: The place where the rope ends pass through and are secured.
- High Tensile Bolts: Used to adjust and lock the rope in its precise position.
- Bushing or Bearing: In advanced models, installed to prevent direct friction between the rope and the metal hanger.
In some designs, the rope hanger includes an adjustable axle or an equalizer system to distribute pressure evenly between the ropes.
Types of Rope Hangers Based on Installation Location
- Fixed Rope Bracket:
Installed at the top of the shaft or on the counterweight frame, it holds the fixed ends of the ropes.
This type must withstand the combined tensile force of all ropes and is usually connected with welded steel plates to the main structural beam. - Adjustable Rope Hanger:
Mounted on the cabin yoke, allowing precise height and alignment adjustment of the ropes.
In elevators with multiple ropes, this hanger features Tension Adjuster Screws to distribute forces evenly among the ropes.
Material and Mechanical Specifications
Rope hangers are typically made of ST52 or CK45 alloy steel to provide high resistance to bending and mechanical fatigue. In industrial and heavy-duty elevators, tempered carbon steel is used to ensure the ability to withstand high stresses. Their surface is usually coated with hot-dip galvanization or industrial epoxy paint to resist moisture and corrosion.
The allowable load of the rope hanger should be at least 25% higher than the nominal tensile force of the ropes to ensure an adequate safety factor.
Installation and Adjustment of Elevator Rope Hanger
Proper installation of the rope hanger is crucial, as even the slightest deviation in installation angle can increase rope wear or reduce pulley lifespan. Installation steps include:
- Precise leveling of the installation site using a laser level or industrial plumb line.
- Adjusting rope heights so that all strands are on the same level with equal tension.
- Using standard clamps (U Clamp) to secure the ends of the ropes.
- Checking permissible distances between rope centers to prevent contact or twisting.
After installation, a Tension Equalization Test should be conducted to ensure all ropes bear the load evenly.
Common Defects and Problems from Improper Installation
- Uneven tension: Leads to cabin tilt or knocking noises during movement.
- Misaligned installation: Causes abnormal contact between the rope and pulley, resulting in premature breakage.
- Corrosion or hanger breakage: Due to lack of coating or use of weak steel.
- Loose connections: Caused by repeated vibrations in high-traffic elevators.
Periodic inspection of the rope hanger in elevator maintenance is essential, including checks for weld integrity, bolts, and absence of deformation.
Role of the Rope Hanger in Safety and Performance
In addition to its mechanical function, the rope hanger directly impacts elevator safety. It is part of the force transmission path from the motor to the cabin, and together with components like pulleys, ropes, and the yoke, it creates a safe and balanced suspension system.
In modern elevators, some manufacturers use rope hangers equipped with tension sensors to detect real-time discrepancies in force applied to each rope.
Conclusion
The elevator rope hanger may seem simple, but it is technically very important. By safely transmitting tensile forces between the main elevator components, it plays a decisive role in balance, smooth operation, and suspension system safety. Selecting the right type of hanger, using durable materials, precise installation, and regular maintenance are essential for preserving elevator longevity and proper function. Neglecting this small component can lead to significant damage and irreparable safety hazards.
